Starting with at least a theme is advisable.
as for writing fiction with theme, i find it DOES in fact help to write up a plot skeleton that demonstrates the overarching reveal of the theme as it relates to the greater plot arc, and to refer to it from time to time, but other than that: just wing it and rewrite, rewrite, rewrite.
I think I may have said something incorrectly. I am of course familiar with working with themes. What I am doing now is something a bit more experimental to get over a slump. I am tinkering with a number of little experiments right now. I don't think people care about most of that shit, so I'm not mentioning it.
The theme/starting with a theme thing is a bit deeper than, well, picking a theme and doing the deed. I am trying to figure out my theme, and the arc of the theme, and even the nuances of how the theme would best be developed in detail,
before I even begin to allow myself to consider plot, characters, and other devices. It is my belief that if I take a strong theme, figure out how it's going to dance, and then build my plot and story and characters around the meaning, rather than doing vice versa, I will come out with more interesting, developed material.
Also, it is with this method that I can work with truly complex themes without asking "how the heck will I work the gaze into this plot I thought of?" If I think of how I want the look to work in detail in the story, beginning to end, in detail, before I even think of Character 1, I think I am on significantly better footing for neato storytelling. I'm not half-assedly hammering a heavy theme into an already baked story.