What's the difference between Majors and The International?
Put this into terms I can understand por favor (I play League)
Majors are the big Valve funded tournaments that happen roughly once a quarter, since TI is in NA they try to hold the majors in the other major regions (ie EU, CIS, CHN, SK). Generally performing well at the Majors is a good way to get a direct invite to TI, but since Valve likes to be secretive no one knows the exact things it takes. Valve also attempts to enforce roster locks and such around Majors so that teams aren't adding and dropping players at the rate they used to (team turnover is still pretty bad in Dota).
Basically though Majors are guaranteed chances to see the best teams compete for decent prize pools instead of all the random tournaments that popup and disappear every few months. Because DotA doesn't have the same fixed structure as League, Valve realized that having huge gaps between big tournaments was kind of bad for team and sport stability so they introduced the Majors.
That being said this tournament, the Dota 2 Asia Championship, is probably one of the more prestigious non Valve tournaments and the teams and broadcast talent involved are pretty high quality.