Magic: the Gathering (Arena which is 1v1, for EDH/Commander, use X-mage, Cockatrice, etc.? None of these are browser-based. There is Untap.in, which IS browser based but it's not fully fleshed out)
Android: Netrunner (Jinteki.net, but this requires you to know the game as it doesn't have a tutorial built-in, it's browser-based)
Gwent? (1v1, not-browser based)
Eternal Card Game (like Magic, but on mobile, Steam, etc., not browser based)
Hearthstone? (Mobile, PC, 1v1 not browser based)
Shadowverse (Animu Hearthstone, not browser based. PC/Mobile)
I mean if it's strictly "browser based," you're gonna have a harder time.
There's Tabletop Simulator on Steam (and shouldn't require a super beefy PC) if you want to have a physical table-top experience, but it's awkward (for newer folks) to use and you need to password/etc. your stuff. But it generally has the game you're looking for on Steam Workshop if someone did the work in scanning/uploading the materials.
Scythe is a board-game, has a digital client on Steam. Not super amazing, but... I think it 1-4 players. Not browser based.
Ticket to Ride is a decent conversion. It's available on Steam, mobile. Does cross-play, IIRC. "DLC"/expansions can be like $1-5 a pop, but you don't need them. Not browser based.
Conversely, you could always do it yourself:
https://www.reddit.com/r/magicTCG/comments/fk9t25/i_made_this_so_i_can_play_over_video_calls/
