the Intel HD Graphics have become...surprisingly capable...though with the Celeron you're pushing things overall compared to an i5 or so with the same Intel HD Graphics 500 included
the main issues are that the performance for those runs wildly all over the place, also on a side note they can run really incredibly hot as there's no extra cooling system available compared to the increased load in laptops/netbooks
so the answer can actually really depend, as some 2012 games do just fine at your max monitor and high settings, and a 2006 game does 10fps on everything low, plus you have to factor in the overhead in the setup because it's shared so games that you think will do okay like Civ V on low often don't because while the individual components are all okay, used together they're all operating well below efficiency compared to discrete, so a game that's more graphically intensive but hits on the CPU less or uses RAM mostly for textures or whatever may see the GPU used enough that the CPU doesn't drag, also the chipsets have modern implementations of stuff like shader units so they sometimes can handle modern games effects with no problem while choking on older games using different legacy implementations, while a regular GPU has so much brute force it doesn't need to rely on that efficiency with older titles not to mention all the drivers support built-in
probably a lot of stuff 2005 and earlier should do okay, really most anything 2003 or so and earlier should be fine as an extreme generalization
you can also go back to the old days and try demos, like Far Cry is/was up there in the sale earlier, they patched the demo's engine as they patched the game though it wouldn't have any GOG compatibility fixes if those are necessary, some of the indie games have demos on steam if nowhere else
i know i was pretty surprised with the HD4000 series in my small laptop which was "ages" ago now and just what it would run competently at 720p-ish when i expected nothing but the worst, but man was it spotty, it'd chew up a 360 port somehow, dominate some games in Dolphin, and yet choke on a seemingly simple looking RTS or run HL2 or CS:S fine on medium, but implode on DoD:S no matter how low i set things that i didn't even try TF2, meanwhile something like the Torchlight games seemed to run near flawless "maxed" out that i didn't even need to use the "netbook mode"
all that said, i did find this video of your combo running gta v of all things at glorious 800x600 on all low settings:
so clearly it's more powerful than an Xbox One/Switch amirite lol high five
