Neither the United States nor the Soviet Union ever used a system in which the President/General Secretary could order a nuclear strike alone. To my knowledge, this is still the case in all of our modern nuclear powers. Stalin may have been an one-time personal exception to this rule. Also, since I just found out. There NEVER was a phone hotline between the White House and the Kremlin, not even at the start, it was always a text system! I thought for sure there must have been an actual phone at some point. (Oh, and our end has always been in the Pentagon.) The President can order a strike and send it down the chain of command and all sorts of checks and balances are in place but if they deem the order 'legal' the strike will happen. And the legality of the order in times of crisis is more or less a formality.
The further down the line you go the harder it gets to stop the strike.
We know of two to four events that could've gone nuclear in recent times.
- During 9/11 the US military went to high alert and the Russians reacted in tandem thanks to their doctrine. They were unable to contact Bush and they didn't know if he was still calling the shots. Condi Rice on her own accord managed to reach out to the Russians, convinced them they were not a target and persuaded them to stand down
- George Bush considered using nuclear weapons against Afghanistan post 9/11
- Vladimir Putin put his nuclear forces on high alert during the Crimea crisis in case the US would attack Russian forces and/or seal access to the Russian naval base
- Early on in Trump's presidency Kim Jun Un tested yet another nuke. Trump was at the Mar-a-lago having dinner with Abe when Flynn and others rushed into crisis mode and people took selfies with the guy carrying in the nuclear football
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Anyway a new challenger approaches with a dope ass beat
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